The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.